The former Customs House (1858-1860) is a fine example of the Italianate style of architecture which was popular in Canada from the 1840s through the 1870s. Inspired by Renaissance palazzi of Rome and Florence, Italianate buildings were characterized by an elevated first storey of rusticated stone, a smooth upper storey, abundant classical detailing and a heavy cornice. The design of the Customs House is enhanced by the superior quality of its stonework and the variety of finishes. Its construction reflected the rise of Hamilton as a major railway centre and Great Lakes port.