An Anglican clergyman who left the ministry in 1891 to work for most of the rest of his life as a civil servant in Ottawa, Campbell is known as a minor member of the "Sixties Group" which produced Canada's first noteworthy English verse. He was born in Kitchener, but the Bruce Peninsula where he spent his early days was the inspiration for his best poetry. As well, he wrote novels, histories, drama and travel books. His imperialism and his attempts to use Nature to reconcile Christian theology and Darwinism make him a significant reflection of Canadian Victorianism. He died in Ottawa.